References

Amante, Christopher, and Barry W. Eakins. 2009. ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA.
Anselin, Luc. 1988. Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer.
Bachl, Fabian E., Finn Lindgren, David L. Borchers, and Janine B. Illian. 2019. “Inlabru: An R Package for Bayesian Spatial Modelling from Ecological Survey Data.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10 (6): 760–66.
Bakka, Haakon, Jarno Vanhatalo, Janine B. Illian, Daniel Simpson, and Håvard Rue. 2019. “Non-Stationary Gaussian Models with Physical Barriers.” Spatial Statistics 29: 268–88.
Banerjee, Sudipto, Bradley P. Carlin, and Alan E. Gelfand. 2014. Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data. 2nd ed. Chapman; Hall/CRC.
Besag, Julian. 1974. “Spatial Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of Lattice Systems.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 36 (2): 192–236.
Besag, Julian, and Charles Kooperberg. 1995. “On Conditional and Intrinsic Autoregressions.” Biometrika 82 (4): 733–46.
Besag, Julian, Jeremy York, and Annie Mollié. 1991. “Bayesian Image Restoration, with Two Applications in Spatial Statistics.” Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 43 (1): 1–20.
Bickel, Balthasar. 2008. “A Refined Sampling Procedure for Genealogical Control.” Sprachtypologie Und Universalienforschung 61 (3): 221–33.
Bickel, Balthasar. 2013. “Distributional Biases in Language Families.” In Language Typology and Historical Contingency, edited by Balthasar Bickel, Lenore A. Grenoble, David A. Peterson, and Alan Timberlake. John Benjamins.
Bivand, Roger S., Edzer Pebesma, and Virgilio Gómez-Rubio. 2013. Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R. 2nd ed. Springer.
Bivand, Roger, Giovanni Millo, and Gianfranco Piras. 2021. “A Review of Software for Spatial Econometrics in R.” Mathematics 9 (11): 1276.
Blomberg, Simon P., Theodore Garland Jr., and Anthony R. Ives. 2003. “Testing for Phylogenetic Signal in Comparative Data: Behavioral Traits Are More Labile.” Evolution 57 (4): 717–45.
Borovitskiy, Viacheslav, Alexander Terenin, Peter Mostowsky, and Marc Peter Deisenroth. 2020. “Matérn Gaussian Processes on Riemannian Manifolds.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33.
Bromham, Lindell, Xia Hua, Marcel Cardillo, Hilde Schneemann, and Simon J. Greenhill. 2018. “Parasites and Politics: Why Cross-Cultural Studies Must Control for Relatedness, Proximity and Covariation.” Royal Society Open Science 5 (8): 181100.
Bürkner, Paul-Christian. 2017. “Brms: An R Package for Bayesian Multilevel Models Using Stan.” Journal of Statistical Software 80 (1): 1–28.
Bürkner, Paul-Christian, Jonah Gabry, and Aki Vehtari. 2021. “Efficient Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation for Bayesian Non-Factorized Normal and Student-t Models.” Computational Statistics 36: 1243–61.
Datta, Abhirup, Sudipto Banerjee, Andrew O. Finley, and Alan E. Gelfand. 2016. “Hierarchical Nearest-Neighbor Gaussian Process Models for Large Geostatistical Datasets.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 111 (514): 800–812.
Datta, Abhirup, Sudipto Banerjee, James S. Hodges, and Leiwen Gao. 2019. “Spatial Disease Mapping Using Directed Acyclic Graph Auto-Regressive (DAGAR) Models.” Bayesian Analysis 14 (4): 1221–44.
Dinnage, Russell, Alexander Skeels, and Marcel Cardillo. 2020. “Spatiophylogenetic Modelling of Extinction Risk Reveals Evolutionary Distinctiveness and Brief Flowering Period as Threats in a Hotspot Plant Genus.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287 (1926): 20192817. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2817.
Dormann, Carsten F., Jana M. McPherson, Miguel B. Araújo, et al. 2007. “Methods to Account for Spatial Autocorrelation in the Analysis of Species Distributional Data: A Review.” Ecography 30 (5): 609–28.
Dryer, Matthew S. 1989. “Large Linguistic Areas and Language Sampling.” Studies in Language 13 (2): 257–92.
Dryer, Matthew S. 1992. “The Greenbergian Word Order Correlations.” Language 68 (1): 81–138.
Dunn, Michael, Simon J. Greenhill, Stephen C. Levinson, and Russell D. Gray. 2011. “Evolved Structure of Language Shows Lineage-Specific Trends in Word-Order Universals.” Nature 473: 79–82.
Dupont, Emiko, Simon N. Wood, and Nicole H. Augustin. 2022. “Spatial+: A Novel Approach to Spatial Confounding.” Biometrics 78 (4): 1279–90.
Everett, Caleb. 2013. “Evidence for Direct Geographic Influences on Linguistic Sounds: The Case of Ejectives.” PLoS ONE 8 (6): e65275. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065275.
Felsenstein, Joseph. 1985. “Phylogenies and the Comparative Method.” The American Naturalist 125 (1): 1–15.
Felsenstein, Joseph. 2012. “A Comparative Method for Both Discrete and Continuous Characters Using the Threshold Model.” The American Naturalist 179 (2): 145–56.
Freckleton, Robert P., Paul H. Harvey, and Mark Pagel. 2002. “Phylogenetic Analysis and Comparative Data: A Test and Review of Evidence.” The American Naturalist 160 (6): 712–26.
Freni-Sterrantino, Anna, Massimo Ventrucci, and Håvard Rue. 2018. “A Note on Intrinsic Conditional Autoregressive Models for Disconnected Graphs.” Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology 26: 25–34.
Fritz, Susanne A., and Andy Purvis. 2010. “Selectivity in Mammalian Extinction Risk and Threat Types: A New Measure of Phylogenetic Signal Strength in Binary Traits.” Conservation Biology 24 (4): 1042–51.
Fuglstad, Geir-Arne, Daniel Simpson, Finn Lindgren, and Håvard Rue. 2019. “Constructing Priors That Penalize the Complexity of Gaussian Random Fields.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 114 (525): 445–52.
Gabry, Jonah, Daniel Simpson, Aki Vehtari, Michael Betancourt, and Andrew Gelman. 2019. “Visualization in Bayesian Workflow.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A 182 (2): 389–402.
Gelman, Andrew, Aki Vehtari, Daniel Simpson, et al. 2020. Bayesian Workflow. arXiv:2011.01808.
Gómez-Rubio, Virgilio. 2020. Bayesian Inference with INLA. Chapman; Hall/CRC.
Grafen, Alan. 1989. “The Phylogenetic Regression.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 326 (1233): 119–57.
Guzmán Naranjo, Matías, and Laura Becker. 2022. “Statistical Bias Control in Typology.” Linguistic Typology 26 (3): 605–70. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-0002.
Hadfield, Jarrod D., and Shinichi Nakagawa. 2010. “General Quantitative Genetic Methods for Comparative Biology: Phylogenies, Taxonomies and Multi-Trait Models for Continuous and Categorical Characters.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23 (3): 494–508.
Hammarström, Harald, Robert Forkel, Martin Haspelmath, and Sebastian Bank. n.d. Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. https://glottolog.org.
Hanks, Ephraim M., Erin M. Schliep, Mevin B. Hooten, and Jennifer A. Hoeting. 2015. “Restricted Spatial Regression in Practice: Geostatistical Models, Confounding, and Robustness Under Model Misspecification.” Environmetrics 26 (4): 243–54.
Hansen, Thomas F. 1997. “Stabilizing Selection and the Comparative Analysis of Adaptation.” Evolution 51 (5): 1341–51.
Heaton, Matthew J., Abhirup Datta, Andrew O. Finley, et al. 2019. “A Case Study Competition Among Methods for Analyzing Large Spatial Data.” Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 24 (3): 398–425.
Ho, Lam si Tung, and Cécile Ané. 2014. “A Linear-Time Algorithm for Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Trait Evolution Models.” Systematic Biology 63 (3): 397–408.
Hodges, James S., and Brian J. Reich. 2010. “Adding Spatially-Correlated Errors Can Mess up the Fixed Effect You Love.” The American Statistician 64 (4): 325–34.
Ives, Anthony R. 2019. “R-Squareds for Correlated Data: Phylogenetic Models, LMMs, and GLMMs.” Systematic Biology 68 (2): 234–51.
Ives, Anthony R., and Theodore Garland Jr. 2010. “Phylogenetic Logistic Regression for Binary Dependent Variables.” Systematic Biology 59 (1): 9–26.
Ives, Anthony R., and Jun Zhu. 2006. “Statistics for Correlated Data: Phylogenies, Space, and Time.” Ecological Applications 16 (1): 20–32.
Jaeger, T. Florian, Peter Graff, William Croft, and Daniel Pontillo. 2011. “Mixed Effect Models for Genetic and Areal Dependencies in Linguistic Typology.” Linguistic Typology 15 (2): 281–319.
Jäger, Gerhard. 2018. “Global-Scale Phylogenetic Linguistic Inference from Lexical Resources.” Scientific Data 5: 180189.
Katzfuss, Matthias, and Joseph Guinness. 2021. “A General Framework for Vecchia Approximations of Gaussian Processes.” Statistical Science 36 (1): 124–41.
Kissling, W. Daniel, and Gudrun Carl. 2008. “Spatial Autocorrelation and the Selection of Simultaneous Autoregressive Models.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 17 (1): 59–71.
Krainski, Elias T., Virgilio Gómez-Rubio, Haakon Bakka, et al. 2019. Advanced Spatial Modeling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Using R and INLA. Chapman; Hall/CRC.
Ladd, D. Robert, Seán G. Roberts, and Dan Dediu. 2015. “Correlational Studies in Typological and Historical Linguistics.” Annual Review of Linguistics 1: 221–41. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124819.
LeSage, James, and R. Kelley Pace. 2009. Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. Chapman; Hall/CRC.
Lindgren, Finn, David Bolin, and Håvard Rue. 2022. “The SPDE Approach for Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Fields: 10 Years and Still Running.” Spatial Statistics 50: 100599.
Lindgren, Finn, Håvard Rue, and Johan Lindström. 2011. “An Explicit Link Between Gaussian Fields and Gaussian Markov Random Fields: The Stochastic Partial Differential Equation Approach.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 73 (4): 423–98.
Lynch, Michael. 1991. “Methods for the Analysis of Comparative Data in Evolutionary Biology.” Evolution 45 (5): 1065–80.
Maddison, Wayne P., and Richard G. FitzJohn. 2015. “The Unsolved Challenge to Phylogenetic Correlation Tests for Categorical Characters.” Systematic Biology 64 (1): 127–36.
Maslova, Elena. 2000. “A Dynamic Approach to the Verification of Distributional Universals.” Linguistic Typology 4 (3): 307–33.
McElreath, Richard. 2020. Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan. 2nd ed. Chapman; Hall/CRC.
Miestamo, Matti, Dik Bakker, and Antti Arppe. 2016. “Sampling for Variety.” Linguistic Typology 20 (2): 233–96.
Miller, David L., Richard Glennie, and Andrew E. Seaton. 2020. “Understanding the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation Approach to Smoothing.” Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 25: 1–16.
Moran, P. A. P. 1950. “Notes on Continuous Stochastic Phenomena.” Biometrika 37 (1/2): 17–23.
Moran, Steven, and Daniel McCloy, eds. 2019. PHOIBLE 2.0. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. https://phoible.org.
Morris, Mitzi, Katherine Wheeler-Martin, Dan Simpson, Stephen J. Mooney, Andrew Gelman, and Charles DiMaggio. 2019. “Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Models: Implementing the Besag York Mollié Model in Stan.” Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology 31: 100301.
Morris, Tim P., Ian R. White, and Michael J. Crowther. 2019. “Using Simulation Studies to Evaluate Statistical Methods.” Statistics in Medicine 38 (11): 2074–102.
Münkemüller, Tamara, Sébastien Lavergne, Bruno Bzeznik, et al. 2012. “How to Measure and Test Phylogenetic Signal.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3 (4): 743–56.
Naroll, Raoul. 1961. “Two Solutions to Galton’s Problem.” Philosophy of Science 28 (1): 15–39.
Niekerk, Janet van, Elias Krainski, Denis Rustand, and Håvard Rue. 2023. “A New Avenue for Bayesian Inference with INLA.” Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 181: 107692.
Pagel, Mark. 1994. “Detecting Correlated Evolution on Phylogenies: A General Method for the Comparative Analysis of Discrete Characters.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 255 (1342): 37–45.
Pagel, Mark. 1999. “Inferring the Historical Patterns of Biological Evolution.” Nature 401: 877–84.
Pedersen, Eric J., David L. Miller, Gavin L. Simpson, and Noam Ross. 2019. “Hierarchical Generalized Additive Models in Ecology: An Introduction with Mgcv.” PeerJ 7: e6876.
Perkins, Revere D. 1989. “Statistical Techniques for Determining Language Sample Size.” Studies in Language 13 (2): 293–315.
Ranacher, Peter, Nico Neureiter, Rik van Gijn, et al. 2021. “Contact-Tracing in Cultural Evolution: A Bayesian Mixture Model to Detect Geographic Areas of Language Contact.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface 18 (181): 20201031.
Rasmussen, Carl Edward, and Christopher K. I. Williams. 2006. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning. MIT Press.
Revell, Liam J. 2010. “Phylogenetic Signal and Linear Regression on Species Data.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 1 (4): 319–29.
Riebler, Andrea, Sigrunn H. Sørbye, Daniel Simpson, and Håvard Rue. 2016. “An Intuitive Bayesian Spatial Model for Disease Mapping That Accounts for Scaling.” Statistical Methods in Medical Research 25 (4): 1145–65.
Rijkhoff, Jan, and Dik Bakker. 1998. “Language Sampling.” Linguistic Typology 2 (3): 263–314.
Riutort-Mayol, Gabriel, Paul-Christian Bürkner, Michael R. Andersen, Arno Solin, and Aki Vehtari. 2023. “Practical Hilbert Space Approximate Bayesian Gaussian Processes for Probabilistic Programming.” Statistics and Computing 33: 17.
Roberts, David R., Volker Bahn, Simone Ciuti, et al. 2017. “Cross-Validation Strategies for Data with Temporal, Spatial, Hierarchical, or Phylogenetic Structure.” Ecography 40 (8): 913–29.
Roberts, Seán, and James Winters. 2013. “Linguistic Diversity and Traffic Accidents: Lessons from Statistical Studies of Cultural Traits.” PLoS ONE 8 (8): e70902. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070902.
Rue, Håvard, Sara Martino, and Nicolas Chopin. 2009. “Approximate Bayesian Inference for Latent Gaussian Models by Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 71 (2): 319–92.
Simpson, Daniel, Håvard Rue, Andrea Riebler, Thiago G. Martins, and Sigrunn H. Sørbye. 2017. “Penalising Model Component Complexity: A Principled, Practical Approach to Constructing Priors.” Statistical Science 32 (1): 1–28.
Skirgård, Hedvig, Hannah J. Haynie, Damián E. Blasi, et al. 2023. “Grambank Reveals the Importance of Genealogical Constraints on Linguistic Diversity and Highlights the Impact of Language Loss.” Science Advances 9 (16): eadg6175. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg6175.
Solin, Arno, and Simo Särkkä. 2020. “Hilbert Space Methods for Reduced-Rank Gaussian Process Regression.” Statistics and Computing 30: 419–46.
Symonds, Matthew R. E., and Simon P. Blomberg. 2014. “A Primer on Phylogenetic Generalised Least Squares.” In Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology, edited by László Zsolt Garamszegi. Springer.
Talts, Sean, Michael Betancourt, Daniel Simpson, Aki Vehtari, and Andrew Gelman. 2018. Validating Bayesian Inference Algorithms with Simulation-Based Calibration. arXiv:1804.06788.
Urban, Matthias, and Steven Moran. 2021. “Altitude and the Distributional Typology of Language Structure: Ejectives and Beyond.” PLoS ONE 16 (2): e0245522. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245522.
Uyeda, Josef C., Rosana Zenil-Ferguson, and Matthew W. Pennell. 2018. “Rethinking Phylogenetic Comparative Methods.” Systematic Biology 67 (6): 1091–109.
Vehtari, Aki, Andrew Gelman, and Jonah Gabry. 2017. “Practical Bayesian Model Evaluation Using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation and WAIC.” Statistics and Computing 27: 1413–32.
Ver Hoef, Jay M., Erin E. Peterson, Mevin B. Hooten, Ephraim M. Hanks, and Marie-Josée Fortin. 2018. “Spatial Autoregressive Models for Statistical Inference from Ecological Data.” Ecological Monographs 88 (1): 36–59.
Villemereuil, Pierre de, and Shinichi Nakagawa. 2014. “General Quantitative Genetic Methods for Comparative Biology.” In Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology, edited by László Zsolt Garamszegi. Springer.
Wahba, Grace. 1981. “Spline Interpolation and Smoothing on the Sphere.” SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing 2 (1): 5–16.
Wieling, Martijn, John Nerbonne, and R. Harald Baayen. 2011. “Quantitative Social Dialectology: Explaining Linguistic Variation Geographically and Socially.” PLoS ONE 6 (9): e23613.
Wood, Simon N. 2011. “Fast Stable Restricted Maximum Likelihood and Marginal Likelihood Estimation of Semiparametric Generalized Linear Models.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 73 (1): 3–36.
Wood, Simon N. 2017. Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R. 2nd ed. Chapman; Hall/CRC.
Wood, Simon N., Natalya Pya, and Benjamin Säfken. 2016. “Smoothing Parameter and Model Selection for General Smooth Models.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 111 (516): 1548–63.
Zeger, Scott L., Kung-Yee Liang, and Paul S. Albert. 1988. “Models for Longitudinal Data: A Generalized Estimating Equation Approach.” Biometrics 44 (4): 1049–60.